Shipping companies listed on New Yorks Stock Exchange

Shipping companies listed on New Yorks Stock Exchange This study was based on 21 shipping companies listed in New York Stock Exchange, over the period of 2005 to 2009. On the table below the selected shipping companies are shown. Shipping Companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange DIANA SHIPPING INC NAVIOS MARITIME HOLDINGS INC 3 SAFE BULKERS INC 4 GENCO SHIPPING TRADING LIMITED 5 TEEKAY CORPORATION 6 TSAKOS ENERGY NAVIGATION LIMITED 7 EXCEL MARITIME CARRIERS LTD 8 DANAOS CORPORATION 9 AEGEAN MARINE PETROLEUM NETWORK INCORPORATION 10 FRONTLINE LIMITED 11 SEACOR HOLDINGS INCORPORATED 12 NORDIC TANKERS 13 GLOBAL SHIP LEASE INCORPORATION 14 GENERAL MARITIME CORPORATION 15 SEASPAN CORPORATION 16 SHIP FINANCE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 17 KIRBY CORPORATION 18 OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC 19 DHT MARITIME INCORPORATION 20 INTERNATIONAL SHIPHOLDING CORPORATION 21 TIDEWATER INC This paper seeks to examine the relationship among three corporate governance mechanisms (board composition, chief executive status and audit committee) and some firm performance measures (return on investment capital, return on equity, Return on Assets and Current Ratio). Also, the essay examines the relationship among these three corporate governance mechanisms and the operating performance (Net Sales to Operating Cost) of the corporations. Part 1 Corporate Governance Corporate governance is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled with the objective to enhance shareholders wealth. Corporate governance also includes the relationships among the stakeholders involved and the goals by which the corporation is governed. It is supposed that better corporate governance leads to better corporate performance by preventing the expropriation of controlling shareholders and ensuring better decision-making. Corporate governance is a priority along with financial indicators when evaluating investment decisions according to investors. The majority of them are prepared to pay a premium for companies having high governance standards. On the opposite, there are also bad forms of corporate governance that lead corporations to problems. Good corporate governance is considered to be a fundamental necessity to run a firm successfully. Moreover corporate governance is a process which can ensure growth for a firm and the economy in general. Most of the selected shipping companies are foreign private issuers established in Marshal or Bermuda islands. The minority of the selected companies are U.S corporations. Consequently most of them are not required to comply with the corporate governance practices followed by U.S. companies following the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) listing standards. However, they are required to state any significant differences between their corporate governance practices and the practices required by the NYSE according to Section 303.A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.  Furthermore almost every chosen shipping company adopts NYSE required practices, such as having a majority of independent directors, establishing audit and compensation and nominating committees as well as adopting a Code of Ethics.   NYSE requires companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines.   The guidelines should address to the director qualification standards, the director responsibilities, the director access to management and independent advisers, the director compensation, the director orientation and continuing education, management succession as well as an annual performance evaluation. However,   most of the shipping companies trade in NYSE are not obliged to comply with these rules due to that they are foreign private issuers as well as most of them are offshore. For these companies there is no obligation of complying with any corporate governance guidelines or code of ethics. Shareholders can be informed via the annual reports and Code of Ethics, both of which have been publicly filed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission available on the companies web-sites. Corporate governance guidelines and shipping companies intend to publish an overview of the Companys gu iding principles which focuses on social issues. This Code cannot cover every applicable law or provide answers to all questions that may arise but it can set out general principles about an organization belief on matters such as mission, quality, conflicts of interest, internal reporting, privacy or the environment. Furthermore, it may define proper procedures to determine whether a violation of the code of ethics has occurred. Code of ethics and corporate social responsibility is a neglected issue in the shipping industry. Traditionally there is no reason for the shipping companies to invest in advertising or in any other activity that could improve their image. Consequently the main goal of the management of a shipping company is to attract as many as possible new clients. Any characteristic that can improve the reputation of the company is not a priority for the managers of a shipping company. Many years have passed and shipping companies were not obliged to follow some rules of social responsibilities. Fortunately, the last decade various regulations have been imposed to the operation of a shipping company, although the control mechanisms were not always efficient. Board of Directors An important aspect that influences the corporate governance is the board of directors. The board of directors plays an important role to the company operation. It oversees top management and is entrusted with the responsibility of monitoring and supervising the company resources and operation. Moreover, it undertakes the obligation of appointing a qualified person as the Chief Executive Officer and other management staff. Therefore, the board is seen as a team of individuals with fiduciary responsibilities of leading and directing a firm, with the primary objective of protecting the shareholders interests with high sense of integrity and commitment to the firm. The role of the Board is significant in designing efficient corporate monitoring and ratification mechanisms. With respect to reducing agency costs at the Board level, Boards of directors have three key decision rights: (1) Monitoring (2) Ratification (3) Reward and punishment rights. They may even remove top managers from their positions and sanction them for their decisions. NYSE rules require the size of the board of directors not to be smaller than three members. As it can be observed by the survey the size of the board of directors of the sample is between five and seven members. Although there are some shipping companies that have more than seven members in the board and some others that have less than five members. It can be concluded that the majority of the board members in the board of directors are outside directors (member of a company board of directors who is not an employee or stakeholder in the company). The role of independent directors on the board of directors is to effectively monitor and control firm activities in reducing opportunistic managerial behaviors and expropriation of firm resources. The majority of the board members are outsiders for most of the companies; some of them use relatives as well as acquaintances as board members. This indicates a tendency for the shipping companies to be governed by a closed team of people. In accordance to NYSE rules the board should have audit, compensation, and nominating committees made up entirely by outside directors. Almost all of them are consisted by the three obligatory committees opposed to the majority of the selected shipping companies that do not have the obligation to comply with the NYSE rules. The role of these committees is significant; they are assigned to evaluate the board The role of the Audit Committee The purpose of the Audit Committee is to: Monitor the integrity of the firm financial statements. Monitor the qualifications, independence and performance of the company independent auditors. Monitor the performance of the company internal audit function. The audit committee ensures that the books of the company are not fake and that shareholders are properly informed of the financial status of the firm. In this essay it is made an effort to examine the importance of the audit committee in shipping companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange. NYSE requires from a listed U.S. company to have an audit committee with a minimum of three members. But it is permitted by Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that audit committees of foreign companies can have less than three independent members in the audit committee. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Status The Chief Executive Officer position and the whole management team is an important position to hold in a corporation. They are responsible for Operating the firm in an effective way. Preparing the annual operating plans and budgets. Establishing an effective system of internal control. In this essay it is examined the role of the Chief executive officer (CEO) in the shipping companies. There are two types of leadership structure i.e. combined leadership structure and separated structure. Combined leadership structure happens when the CEO is also the chairman of the board. On the other hand separated leadership structure takes place when the Chairman of the board is a different person from the CEO. Many studies identifying the implications of CEO duality exist. It is thought that the operating performance may be improved as a result of less debate among the CEO and chairman and/or other directors. From the sample of the shipping companies that it was taken a significant tendency cannot be provided. In some of the shipping companies the CEO is also the chairman of the board while in others is not. Part 2 Methodology The aim of this research is to figure out if the corporate governance mechanisms have an effect on firm performance. Therefore, the measurement of firm performance is primarily comprised of two factors: operating and financial performance. The data used for this research were extracted from the audited financial statements of 21 shipping companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange. The survey covers the time period through 2005 2009. The sample consists of the annual observations for the board size of every company, for the CEO status and for the size of the audit committee of every shipping company. The aim of the research is to find if these corporate governance mechanisms influence the operating and financial performance ratios. Consequently regression models have been constructed in order to prove the association between the corporation governance in operating and financial performance. Microsoft Excel and the statistical package Eviews were used so as to collect the data run the appropriate regressions and identify the results. Moreover except from the companies annual reports a lot of information was extracted through the Thomson Database. In the end panel data methodology was adopted because it combined time series and cross sectional data. The method of analysis is that of multiple regressions and the method of estimation is Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). By running the appropriate regressions via Eviews and by using Return on equity and the profit margin as the dependent variables, the results were considered inadequate. Consequently it was considered integral to proceed to further research. That is why the below financial ratios were used as dependent variables. For the financial performance: Return on equity ratio: Profitability ratio, it can indicate the management effectiveness Return on assets ratio: Profitability ratio, it can also indicate the management effectiveness Return on investment capital ratio: Profitability ratio, it can also indicate the management effectiveness Current ratio: liquidity  ratio Finally in order to measure the operating performance: The above formulas contributed on calculating the ratios of the shipping companies for the time period of 2005 2009. Moreover, many independent variables were used to define the most accurate and specifically those that would give some results. Consequently as independent variables are defined the above: Out_Board = the proportion of the independent directors over the total directors. CEO = if the same person occupies the post of the chairman of the board and the Chief executive is defined by valuing with zero, otherwise value with one. Audcom1 = the proportion of the audit committee. In the end in order to run the regression, the economic models should be defined. For the return on equity: For the return on assets For the return on investment capital For the current ratio So as to measure the operating performance of the shipping companies the above economic model was used. Furthermore the above parameters should be defined. ÃŽÂ ²o:Constant term ÃŽÂ ²1:Coefficient of the regression ÃŽÂ ²2: Coefficient of the regression ÃŽÂ ²3: Coefficient of the regression eit: Disturbance term Empirical Results and Discussion It is important to mention some important data before continuing to comment on the outputs of the regression. First of all the regression outputs will be tested for all the three confidence intervals 90%,95% and 99%. In order to have a statistical significant output the t statistic has to be greater than 1.64, 1.96 and 2.576 respectively. Moreover so as to have a statistically significant variable the p value has to be less than 0,1 , 0.05 and 0.01 respectively. As it can be observed from the table below, the three independent variables are statistically insignificant because the t statistics are lower than the critical values. Moreover it can be confirmed because all the p values are greater than the level of significance. Dependent Variable: ROE Method: Panel Least Squares Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 99 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. OUT_BOARD -0.00683 0.552604 -0.01236 0.9902 CEO 0.017437 0.17098 0.101982 0.919 AUDCOM1 -0.002796 0.101423 -0.027571 0.9781 C 0.18661 0.529641 0.352334 0.7254 R-squared 0.000114 Adjusted R-squared -0.031461 F-statistic 0.003613 Prob(F-statistic) 0.999698 S.E. of regression 0.791347 Dependent Variable: ROA Method: Panel Least Squares Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 99 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. OUT_BOARD -0.095721 0.061678 -1.551956 0.124 CEO -0.032232 0.019084 -1.688972 0.0945 AUDCOM1 0.009389 0.01132 0.829387 0.409 C 0.140099 0.059115 2.369954 0.0198 R-squared 0.078318 Adjusted R-squared 0.049212 F-statistic 2.690791 Prob(F-statistic) 0.050602 S.E. of regression 0.088325 Dependent Variable: ROA Method: Panel Least Squares Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 99 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. OUT_BOARD -0.104552 0.060653 -1.723773 0.088 CEO -0.028425 0.018493 -1.537033 0.1276 C 0.171387 0.045439 3.771807 0.0003 R-squared 0.071644 Adjusted R-squared 0.052303 F-statistic 3.704289 Prob(F-statistic) 0.028204 S.E. of regression 0.088181 It is evident from the tables above that there is a correlation between return on assets and the independent variables. On the first table it can be observed that the CEO independent variable is statistically significant on 10% confidence interval. Also R- Squared is 7.16% of the variability of the return on assets and is explained by the regression. On the second table one independent variable is excluded from the regression in order to prove that the proportion of the outside directors over the total number of the board is also statistically significant at the 90% confidence interval. It is evident that these two variables influence the financial performance of the shipping companies that are selected in the sample. On the table below it is shown the regression output between the return on investment capital and the independent variables. It can be observed that the proportion of the outside directors and the CEO are statistically significant on the 90% confidence interval. It implies that the majority of the sampled firms, in the period under study, have separate persons occupying the posts of chief executive and the board chair. Dependent Variable: ROIC Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 97 Method: Panel Least Squares Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. OUT_BOARD -0.108758 0.062348 -1.744367 0.0844 CEO -0.031869 0.019189 -1.660741 0.1001 AUDCOM1 0.00542 0.011377 0.476405 0.6349 C 0.199476 0.059341 3.361532 0.0011 R-squared 0.081182 Adjusted R-squared 0.051542 F-statistic 2.738981 Prob(F-statistic) 0.047783 S.E. of regression 0.088251 Dependent Variable: CURRENT_RATIO Method: Panel Least Squares Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 99 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic OUT_BOARD 0.554821 1.498786 0.37018 CEO -0.636588 0.463736 -1.372737 AUDCOM1 0.538569 0.275082 1.95785 C 0.954122 1.436504 0.664197 R-squared 0.047648 Adjusted R-squared 0.017574 F-statistic 1.584356 Prob(F-statistic) 0.198271 S.E. of regression 2.146311 Another ratio so as to observe the financial performance of a company is the current ratio. By running a regression it can be concluded that the audit committee size is statistically significant at a 90% and 95% confidence interval. Because of the different financial performance ratio it can be observed a different correlation between the dependent and the independent variable. On the particular output the positive relationship between the liquidity ratio and the audit committee seems to be a very reasonable result. Shipping companies follow the corporate governance guidelines which are given by the NYSE for the audit committees. In the end a regression was run for the operating performance of the shipping companies. On the table below it is shown that the proportion of the outside directors is statistically significant at 90% confidence interval with t statistic greater than the critical values. Also it is shown that the audit committee variable is also statistically significant for all the confidence intervals. But the R squared of the output is very low which means that only the 8.76% of the variability of the dependent variable is explained. Dependent Variable: OPER_PERF Method: Panel Least Squares Total panel (unbalanced) observations: 99 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. OUT_BOARD -0.951585 0.50254 -1.893552 0.0613 CEO 0.083654 0.15549 0.538005 0.5918 AUDCOM1 -0.23875 0.092234 -2.588514 0.0112 C 3.109729 0.481657 6.456321 0 R-squared 0.087671 Adjusted R-squared 0.05886 F-statistic 3.043024 Prob(F-statistic) 0.032629 S.E. of regression 0.719653 Descriptive statistics The table below presents the result of the descriptive statistics analysis between the dependent variables and the independent variables by measuring the mean, the standard deviation and the percentage of distribution range of the pooled years of the sample under study. Descriptive Statistics Oper_Perf Roa Roe Roic Cur_ratio Out_Board CEO AUDCOM1 Mean 1.741854 0.078202 0.18183 0.11603 3.243112 0.762211 0.474747 2.808081 Median 1.527139 0.072055 0.156449 0.110134 1.86132 0.777778 0 3 Maximum 5.409894 0.513177 3.84573 0.368966 70.57955 1 1 5 Minimum 0.889839 -0.42841 -4.60062 -0.41285 0.1406 0.428571 0 1 Std. Dev. 0.737746 0.090581 0.779185 0.09045 7.100746 0.153031 0.501903 0.816623 Skewness 1.867152 -0.45139 -1.94635 -1.54254 8.614659 -0.20659 0.101139 0.250996 Kurtosis 8.233289 16.32647 24.76835 14.17857 81.7566 2.085215 1.010229 3.44567 Jarque-Bera 177.3846 735.9403 2017.183 549.1192 27351.86 4.156112 16.50043 1.858795 Probabil. 0 0 0 0 0 0.125173 0.000261 0.394791 Sum 179.411 7.741993 18.00119 11.3709 327.5543 75.45889 47 278 Sum Sq. D. 55.51539 0.804091 59.49867 0.793579 5042.06 2.295021 24.68687 65.35354 Observ. 103 99 99 98 101 99 99 99 As it can be referred from the table above the number of the observations is all close to the hundred. This is because some of the data were not available and could not be extracted from the financial reports. Moreover another reason of the lack of some data is that some of the shipping companies were listed in the New York Stock Exchange after 2005. Conclusion The aim of this essay was to prove that there is a relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance using a sample of 21 shipping companies which are listed in the New York Stock Exchange from 2005 until 2009. The study used firm performance ratios and three mechanisms to prove the above relationship. Panel data methodology is employed; the method of analysis is multiple regressions and the method of estimation is Ordinary Least Squares. The study concludes to the followings: There is no significant relationship between ROE and none of the independent variables. There is a significant relationship among ROA and CEO status and the proportion of the outside directors. There is significant relationship among ROIC, board composition and CEO status. There is a significant relationship between Current ratio and audit committee. And there is a significant relationship among operating performance, board composition and audit committee. Concerning future research, efforts should be made to increase the sample size and the corporate governance variables to achieve a clearer view about the affection of the corporate governance mechanisms on the shipping companies. It can be said that shipping industry has been expanded all over the world from family to family. It is a closed industry which excludes many people. Consequently the nature of the industry makes it very difficult to perform an in depth research and establish an outcome. References Web Sites http://www.investopedia.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.dianashippinginc.com Home page

Job Market for Health Informatics

Job Market for Health Informatics Marsha Wheeler The topic that has been researched is the job market for health informatics in the healthcare industry. Health informatics is defined as the application of information technology to improve on the management of patient’s data, population data, and other information that is relevant to patient care and the community’s health, teaching, research, and advancing medical knowledge. The process of medical decision making and processing of medical information, including technology and communication of medical practice education and research. HIT involves the exchange of health information in an electronic environment (Medical informatics, 2008). The process of transferring health information to an electronic database is a very time consuming and detail oriented process and accuracy is a must. The need for heath informatics will be ever increasing because of the technology based world that we live in today. Health information technicians and physician staff consolidate and oversee health information data by safeguarding its quality, accuracy, accessibility, and security in both paper and electronic systems. HIM professionals use different classification systems to code and classify patient personal information for compensation purposes, for use in office databases and data registries, and retainpatient medical records and course of treatment. (Health Information Technology , 2013). Extensive use of health information inside the medical industry will advance future of health care, limit medical inaccuracies, reduce medical costs, increase organizational effectiveness, reduce bookkeeping, and increase access to reasonable health care with quality of care in mind. Health informatics includes a variety of job roles and situations. Some of these different job specifications are Health data manager, claims data analyst, compliance auditor, medical coder, HER content manager, clinical informat ion manager (Health Information Technology , 2013). The education required for HIM certification begins with successfully passing a competency exam and maintaining annual continuing education requirements. Credentialing in the HIM profession is based on passing a competency exam, after completion of a two, four, or post-baccalaureate course of study. A four year degree in health information will provide entry level education to prepare for registered health information administrator credentials. To be eligible to take the RHIA exam applicants will have to meet one of the following requirements: have a baccalaureate degree or post baccalaureate certification from a CAHIM accredited information management program, have a degree from a foreign HIM baccalaureate program which AHIMA has an agreement, be a current student in a CAHIM accredited program enrolled in the final term of study (LaTour, Maki, Oachs, 2012,p. 62-63). HIM technicians usually go into the healthcare field after completing an AS degreein Health Information Technology. Other than general education classes coursework includes medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, legal aspects of health information, health data standards, coding and abstraction of data, statistics, database management, quality improvement methods, and computer science. The2011 AHIMA Job Survey showed,93% of surveyed RHITs hold a degree,74% of those surveyed hold an Associates degree, 16% hold a Bachelors degree, and 3% hold graduate and post-graduate degrees (Health Information Technology , 2013). â€Å"US News Reportrecently named health informatics and health information management as #4 of the top new college majors for the future† (Health Information Technology , 2013). HIM specialists work in many different facilities, these locations can include hospitals or clinics, home health, doctor’s offices, ambulatory care centers, elderly care facilities, mental health facilities, specialist offices, hospice facilities, and public health agencies anywhere that gathers, maintains, analyzes and utilizes medical records and data. Jobs that one can hold with a degree or certification in HIM include: Health Data Analyst, Insurance Claims Analyst, Records Technician Specialist, Clinical Coding Specialist, Physician Practice Manager, and Patient Information Coordinator. With a bachelor’s degree the positions change a bit, other jobs include: HIM College Instructor, HIM System Manager, Consultant, Chief Privacy Officer, HIM Department Director, and Data Quality Manager (Health Information Technology , 2013). The job outlook and salary potential for HIM is looking to be very good in the future. HIM is a very diverse and emerging field in healthcare that is continuing to become stronger in the employment position for the future. Bureau of Labor Statistics says thatoccupations in health information technology is anticipated to steadily rise by 22%between 2010 and 2022(Medical Records and Health, 2014). Hospitals will remain employing the most medical and health services managers. â€Å"According to American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the average yearly earnings for entry level medical records and HIM specialists was$48,000 in 2008. With professional experience, the middle 50 percent earned $60,000 to $86,000 in 2008. The lowest 10 percent earned under $32,000 while the top 10 percent earned over $200,000† (Health Information Technology , 2013). The median pay rate is $34,160 or $16.42 per hour. Salaries can fluctuate based on education, skill, locality, and es tablishment. The demand for those in the healthcare field is anticipated to grow as our population of the country continues get older, as they are becoming older they are trying to live a healthier lifestyle. Our aging communities are going to require extensive examinations, more treatments, and education to continue to live healthier lifestyles. More medical attention will in return accompany additional medical claims for compensation from insurance companies. These extra claims added to the EMR’s that are being used by providers will increase a need for healthcare information technicians, thus increasing the job forecast for health informatics. The onset of new positions being introduced in facilities is anticipated to grow at a much relaxed frequency than other businesses, as hospitals are now focusing more on monitoring expenses and utilizing more clinics and other facilities. Medical and health services managers with more skilled experience in larger facilities will have the best job opportunities, as hospitals are becoming bigger and more complex. Employment will grow fastest in physicians’ offices and in home health agencies(Health Information Management, 2014). Services that were formerly completed in hospitals will continue to grow as medical technology improves. The need for health informatics in healthcare will continue to succeed as facilities are becoming bigger and more sophisticated. Healthcare professionals will see the need to understand the burdens of cost suppression and fiscal responsibility, and the need to refocus on preventive care will be a certainty. Administrators with generalized knowledge of a specific field, such as compensation will have more chances for growth. Government has required providers to embrace electronic health records, which is now initiating the demand for HIM specialists with the significant skills that are required to implement these new requirements. The implementation of theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, requires all public and private healthcare providers move to meaningful use ofelectronic medical recordsby January of 2015, or face penalties(Health Information Technology Salary, 2014). Due to the change in how medical facilities manage and store patient information, the new focus has led to a surge of new positions opening up all over the country for health information management. (Health Information Technology Salary, 2014). In conclusion with all the changes in healthcare as well as technology the need for health informatics specialist is at an all-time high. With the mandates for electronic medical records by the government and our aging population now is the time to make the medical field a permanent home in my career outlook. References Health information management. (2014). Retrieved December 8, 2014, from http://www.himcareers.com/ job opportunities/ Health information technology health information management career overview. (2013). Retrieved December 8, 2014, from http://www.allhealthcaredegrees.com/him.htm Health information technology salary and career guide. (2014). Retrieved December 6, 2014, from http://www.healthinformaticsguide.com/health-information-technology-salary-career-guide/ LaTour, K. M., Maki, S. E., Oachs, P. K. (2012). Health information management concepts, principles, and practice (4th Ed.). Chicago, IL: AHIMA Press. Medical informatics. (n.d.)Mosbys Dental Dictionary, 2nd edition. (2008). Retrieved December 13 2014 fromhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Medical+informatics Medical records and health information technicians. (2014, January 8). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/medical-records-and-health-information-technicians.htm

A Mothers Love :: essays research papers

A gentle hand reaches out; arms cradle a new entry in this complex world. A simple gesture, yet one that will come to signify an infallible bond between two, the bond of a mother’s love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I knew early on that my life was not to follow the gentle streams and brooks of my choosing, yet was to go raging down the rivers of its own. I did not realize however, there was always to be a clearing in the turbulent waters, a hand extended to pull me out. Always reaching out, again and again I would grasp that same gentle hand that had pulled me up many a time before. I quickly came to see that there was always an avenue of escape, a crutch to lean on; time and time again that mothers love would come through.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I knew not what would posses this wonderful lady to do such a thing. Had she not problems of her own, responsibilities? I could only begin to imagine. My naà ¯ve thinking assumed this could not be. For how could it be that she could do all these things and still find time to assist my in my childish mannerisms? If only I could have known then what I was soon to learn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child I yearned, as all children do, to stray, to venture and explore away from the nest. Why did I have to come in, take that bath, and not forget to brush those teeth, what seemed to be every two minutes? Why me? I was ready to take on the world. I could achieve, explore, and conquer. After all I was already at the well experienced age of at least well†¦ eight. What could there possibly be that I could not do? Nothing, I thought. Once again I was to prove myself wrong, a trend I now see all too familiar as I look back on life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet I was not to ready to conquer, I was ready to stumble, not able to climb to the top and very capable of the fall. Yet there she was, that gentle hand, the soft touch, ready to scoop me up and place me right back on my feet for another attempt. Somehow never doing, just leading me in the right direction. But in one way or another I would see that direction and choose to ignore it, I knew what she was doing but wasn’t going for it.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The movie created by David Merrick as well as the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, both entitled The Great Gatsby, ate truly two fine pieces of art. The movie version shows the viewer what is happening in the story without internal comments from the narrator and the viewer can understand exactly what is happening without any intellectual thought involved. The novel, however, challenges the reader to look deep inside the writing in order to grasp the true effect of the novel and what kind of meaning is being portrayed. The novel also challenges the reader’s creativity and imagination. It lets the reader explore the character’s personalities in their own special way and the reader can relate these personalities to real life. The novel also allows the reader more freedom that the move, in the way that it lets the reader shape their own opinions of the different characters. As a person watches the movie version, all the characters are laid out for them and every detail of the character is seen, yet in the novel the character is described fully and it is up to the reader’s imagination to picture what the character looks like as well as the emotions conveyed by this character in the novel. The novel version of The Great Gatsby is a definite piece of art and clearly challenges the reader both intellectually and imaginatively to understand the words that describe the character accurately. Therefore the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is still the best representation of the Romantic Hero and his American Dream, despite efforts by interpreters like David Merrick in his film version to "usurp" it, for the author challenges the reader’s imagination through his brilliant narrative technique, unforgettable characterization, and use of symbolism, so that Gatsby’s experience becomes everyone’s. The novel is told in the perspective of a single character, Nick Carraway. Nick is an innocent and simplistic character and when the story is conveyed through this type of character it usually is told truly, and without any outside influence from the other characters in the plot. Nick’s telling of the story is taken from his first hand accounts on how he sees the story unfold, straightforward and in the order that it occurs without confusion. Nick is a very moralistic man and his morals, and also his values, are positively genuine. His heart is filled with compassion, especially for Gatsby and the events that surrounded Gatsby’s death as he was one of three people that were at this great man’s funeral.

English – Japanese Dictionary

www. GetPedia. com *More than 150,000 articles in the search database *Learn how almost everything works English? japanese (dictionnaire) English? japanese Dictionary editions eBooksFrance www. ebooksfrance. com English? japanese Dictionary 1 English? japanese (dictionnaire) Adapted from : http://www. freedict. com/dictionary/index. html English? japanese Dictionary 2 English? japanese (dictionnaire) English? japanese Dictionary 3 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a : ato A? bomb : genshibakudan A? ombed : hibaku A? D converter : e? di? konba? ta? A? grade : koushu A B : kouotsu a (helping) hand : ippi a (photo)copy : kopi? a basin : hachi a bath : hitofuro a battle : issen a beat : ichijun a belle : komachi a bent back : nekoze a big deal : taishita a big haul : ichimoudajin a billionth of a second : nanosekando a biography : ichidaiki a birthstone : tanjouseki a bit : chitto, ichibuichirin, ichigou, chito a bite : hitokuchi English? japanese Dictionary 4 English? japanese (dictionna ire) blast : hitofuki a block signal : burokkusain a blot : naore a blow : ichida, hitoawa, ichigeki, hitouchi a boat : ichii, ichiyou a body : ichidan a bond : issatsu a book : issho a bother : sewayaki a bout : ikkai, issen, ichiban a bout (in sports : torikumi, torikumi a bow (salute : ichirei a bowl : hachi a bowl (of rice) : ichizen a bowl of rice : ippan a boy : ichinan a brace : hitotsugai a brake : bure? ki a branch (of flowers) : ichida a breath : hitoiki a breather : ikitsugi English? japanese Dictionary 5 English? japanese (dictionnaire) breathing spell : ikitsugi a broadside : isseishageki a Buddha : hotokesama a bunch : hitomatome, ichiwa, hitokurume a bundle : issoku, hitokakae, hitokurume, ichiwa, hitotaba a burst of anger : hitoare a capella : akapera a careless person : occhokochoi a casting net : toami a catch : mizuage a cause : ichiin a cavity : utsuro a center : senta? a century : isseiki a certain : shikaru a certain book : ippon a certain†¦ : aru a chain : ichiren a change : idou a channel : channeru a character : ichijinbutsu, ichiji English? japanese Dictionary 6 English? japanese (dictionnaire) charge : ippatsu a charm : majinai a check : osae, chekku a child : isshi a child's dice game : sugoroku a cinch to do : asameshimae a clean sweep : issou a close : shuumatsu a clue : tancho a cluster : ichida a co? operative : kyoudoukumiai a comic story (telling) : rakugo a command : ichimei a commercial : koma? sharu a communist : kyousanshugisha a company : ittai a complainant : sonin a complete set : isshiki a compound : gouseibutsu a consent : ichidaku a cooperative : seikatsukyoudoukumiai English? japanese Dictionary 7 English? japanese (dictionnaire) copse : hitomura a copy (of a photo) : ichiyou a corner : ichiguu, hitosumi a corpus luteum : outai a council : sanjikai, hyougiin a council (abbr) : hyou a couple : hitotsugai, kappuru a crease : oreme a crease (i. e. in trousers) : orime a criminal : kyoujoumochi a cross : juumonji a crowd : hitomure, hitomura, ichigun a crown : hachi a cry : hitokoe a cup of : ippai a current (of water) : issui a curse : noroi a cylinder : kitou a daimyo's main Tokyo mansion : kamiyashiki a dance : hitosashi a day's journey : ichinichiji English? japanese Dictionary 8 English? apanese (dictionnaire) a day or two : ichiryoujitsu a degenerate : henshitsusha a degree : icchuu a denomination : isshuu a design : zuan a determined purpose : ichinen a difference : rakusa a dimple : ekubo a direct unforked road : ipponmichi a disadvantage (defect : isshitsu a disgrace : naore a dish (of food) : hitosara a district : ikku a diviner : urayasan a document : issatsu a dose : ippuku a draft : hitokuchi a draw (in competition) : hikiwake a draw curtain : hikimaku a dream : ichimu a drink : inryou, ippai English? japanese Dictionary 9 English? japanese (dictionnaire) drop : issui, shitatari, itteki a drop (of water) : hitoshizuku a drop in activity : tenuki a drudge : gariben a drying agent : kansouzai a fall in price : nesagari a family : ichizoku, ikka, ikke a family get? together : ikkadanran a favourite book : aidokusho a feast : isseki a feint : feinto a fellow : yakara a few : ikutsuka a few days ago : sakinohi, senjitsu a few lines : ippitsu, hitofude a few words : ichigenhanku, ichigonhanku a few years ago : sakizaki, sennen a filler (i. e. time : tsunagi a find : horidashimono, moukemono a finger : isshi a flash : issen English? apanese Dictionary 10 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a fleeting thing : ichimu a flock : ichigun, hitomure a flower : hitohana a flowerpot : hachi a focus : pinto a fold : oreme, orime a Formosan : taiwanjin a fort : ichirui a fragment : ikko a frame : fure? mu a gain : hitokasegi a gamble : kake a game : ichiban, issen, ikkai a gang : ittai, ichidan a general : isshou a generation : ichidai, issei, isse, issei a glance : ichimoku, ichibetsu, ichiran a glimpse : ikken a gold quarter ryoo : ichibukin a good citizen : maningen a good d eal : daibu English? apanese Dictionary 11 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a good time to quit : hikidoki a gouge : marunomi a grain : hitotsubu a grasp : hitotsukami a grind : gariben a group : hitokatamari, ichidan, ichigun, hitomure a guiding principle : ippon'yari a gunner : houshu a gust of wind : ichijin a guy who never gets the women : onnifujiyuu a habit (often a bad habit : kuse a hair : ippatsu a hair's breadth : ippatsu a half : ippan a half? ear : ikki a handful : hitotsukami A Happy New Year! : gashou a harvest : saku a head (of cattle) : ittou a head (of water) : rakusa a help : tedasuke, ichijo English? japanese Dictionary 12 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a herd : hitomure, hitomura, ichigun a hit : meichuu, ichigeki a hollow : utsuro a home : ikka, ikke a horse load : ichida a hot? empered person : ikkokumono a house : ikka, ikke, ikken a household : ichizoku, ikka, ikke, ikko a huge woman : ooonna a hundred : issoku, hitotaba a Japanese (an old word for) : wajin a Japanese rake : gendzume a job : hitokasegi a joint : tsunagime, hitofushi a kick : hitokeri, isshuu a kidnapper : yuukaihannin a kind : tagui, isshu a la carte : arakaruto a la mode : aramo? do a lap : isshuu a large serving : oomori English? japanese Dictionary 13 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a laugh : isshou a law : ritsuryou, okite a leaf : ichiyou a lean on one's ortgage : teitouken a letter : ichiji, karinotsukai, issho, karinofumi a level and inked string : junjou a life : ichimei a lifetime : issei, issei, isse, isshou, isshougai a light : akari a limb) : shibireru a line : ittou, ichigyou, hitosuki, issen, hitosuji a line (of mountains : tentei, tentetsu a lineage : ittou a link : tsunagime, ikkan a little : tashou, wazuka, usuusu, yaya, sukunai, nandaka a little (see chotto) : chokkura a little covetousness : shouyoku a little less than : tarazu a little more : imasukoshi a little short : sundzumari a little too short : suntarazu English? japanese Dictionary 14 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a load : ikka a log bridge : ipponbashi a long? jointed bamboo : madake a long march : chouku a look : manazashi, ichibetsu, ichiran, ikken, ichimoku a loop : ru? pu a lot : daibu, renchuu, ikkaku, zutto, takusan, hitokurume a lump : ichigan, hitokatamari a lunge : tsuki A major : ichouchou a man of some importance : ichijinbutsu a mannerism : mannerizumu a mark : megurushi a married man : saitaisha a match : torikumi, torikumi a matter : ikken, ichijou a meal : ippan a meaning : ichigi a measure : shaku a meddlesome person : sewayaki a meditative pose : omoiire English? apanese Dictionary 15 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a meeting : yoriai a member : ichiin a merit : ittoku a method : itte a miniature : hinagata A minor : itanchou a minute : ikkoku, ippun a moan : umeki a model : gihyou a moment : issetsuna, ikkoku, isshun, isshunkan, sunbyou a moment ago : imagata a moment before : imahodo a monologue : hitorigoto a month or older : tsukiokure a mood : ippin'isshou a motion : dougi, mo? shon a mountain : issan, hitoyama a move (in game) : itte a mummy : miira a murder : koroshi, tasatsu a must? see : hikken English? japanese Dictionary 16 English? japanese (dictionnaire) must to buy : kawandearu a nap : hitoneiri, hitonemuri, issui a narrow strait : ichiitaisui a narwhal : ikkaku a negative : inga a new era : ichishinkingen a new method : ichikijiku a new month starts : tsukigawari a nook : hitosumi a novel : ninjoubon a number of days : hikazu, nissuu a one? act play : hitomakumono a one? knife carving : ittoubori a one? plate meal : ichijuuissai a one? stroke sketch : hitofudegaki a one? track mind : ippongi a one man show : hitorishibai a page : ichiyou a pair : hitotsugai a pair (footwear) : issoku a pair (of chopsticks) : ichizen English? japanese Dictionary 17 English? japanese (dictionnaire) pair (of screens) : issou a palanquin set with jewels : tamanokoshi a pardon : onsha a part : ippan, ittan, ichibubun, ichiyoku a part to play : hitoyaku a particular : shikaru a partnership : kyoudoukumiai a party : ittou, ittai, konpa, ichidan, ippa a party (of people) : yakara a pass : tsuki a passage in a discourse : hitokusari a passing acquaintance : ichimenshiki a patient : kanja a pause : hitoiki, ichidanraku, hitokiri a penny store : ichimon'akinai a period : hitokiri a period (in astronomy) : isshuuki a permit : kyokasho a person : ichiin a person given as a reference : sankounin a person made homeless by fire : ichiyakojiki English? japanese Dictionary 18 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a person who decides : kimete a personal view : ikkagen a phrase (verse : ikku a piece : ikko, ikko, ippen a piece of rope : hitosujinawa a pile : hitomori a pile (of something) : issan a pinch : pinchi a pinch (of something) : hitotsumami a pity : kinodoku, okinodoku a plain : kouya a plan : issaku, ichian, ikkei, mokuromi a plate : hitosara a plot : ichimotsu a poem : isshu a point : icchuu a poke : ichigeki a pool : mizutamari a posteriori : koutenteki, aposuteriori a pot : hachi a power (math) : bekijou, beki English? japanese Dictionary 19 English? japanese (dictionnaire) prim person : sumashiya a principle : ichiri, ichigi a priori : sententeki, apuriori a private individual : ichishijin, isshijin a private opinion : ikkagen a private person : ichikojin a program : mokuromi a project : mokuromi a puddle : mizutamari a puff : ippuku a purchase : kaitori a pursuer : otte a pursuing party : otte a quality : bingoomote a quarter : ikki, ippou a quick lunch : ichizenmeshiya a quick temper : seikyuu a quick wit : kiten a quiet (natural) setting : yuushu a quire (of paper) : ichijou a quotation : in'youbun, ichijou English? japanese Dictionary 20 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a ray (of hope) : ichidou a reactionary : handouka a ream (of paper) : ichiren a reason : ichigi, ichiri a region : ittai a rejection : isshuu, hitokeri a replacement : kawari a rest : hitoyasumi a retaken photograph : torinaoshi a retort : isshi a revolution : isshuu a riot : ikki a roar : ikkatsu a round : ichijun, ippatsu, hitomeguri, ikkai, hitomawari a row : ichiretsu, ichigyou a rowdy : akutare a rule : shaku a run : hitoppashiri, hitohashiri a run? batted? in hit (baseball) : taimuri? itto a sale (transaction) : kaitori a salver : ichijou English? japanese Dictionary 21 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a scale : shaku a scene : hitokoma a scene of carnage (bloodshed) : shuurajou a scheme : mokuromi a school : ippa a scoop : tokudane a screen : tsuitate a scroll : ippuku a seal affixed to a document : shouin a sealed document : ippuu a sealed letter : ippuu a second : sekando a secret : naishougoto a sect : ippa, isshuu a semimonthly : hangekkan a senior : jouchou, nenchousha a sense of humor : yu? moanokankaku a sentence : ichibun a series : ichiren a serious affair : ichidaiji a set : hitosoroe, hitosoroi English? japanese Dictionary 22 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a set (of people) : yakara a set of boxes : hitokasane a sexual orgy (X) : rankoupa? ti? a sharp (music) : ei a shed : uwaya a shock : hitoawa a shop : ten, shoppu a short period : icchou a short sleep : hitonemuri, issui a short story : issekiwa a short time : ichinichihenji, chotto a shout : hitokoe a sigh : tameiki a silver quarter ryoo : ichibugin a simple meal : ichijuuissai a single? family lineage : ikkei a single crop : ichimousaku a single letter : itteiji a single person : hitorimono a single seater : ichininnori a single standard : ippondate English? japanese Dictionary 23 English? japanese (dictionnaire) single stroke : ittou a single word : hitokoto, ichigen a sip : hitokuchi a sitting : isseki a slap in the face : binta a sleep : hitonemuri a slice : ippen, hitokire a slight : naigashiro a slight effort : ikkyoshuittousoku a slump : nakadarumi a slut : darashinai a small sum : isshihansen a smattering : namakajiri, katakoto a smile : iss hou a smile or a frown : ippin'isshou a smoke : ippuku a social : konpa a soliloquy : hitorigoto a solitary cryptomeria tree : ipponsugi a solo : dokusou a span : ichiyubiatari English? japanese Dictionary 24 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a species : isshu a specific medicine : tokkouyaku a speech : isseki a spin : hitoppashiri, hitohashiri a spot (glimpse : ippan a spy : kanchou, kanja a squad : ittai a squall : hitoare a stab : sashikizu, tsuki a stammer : domori a stamp : inshi a statute : ritsuryou a step : hitoashi, ho, ippo, hitokiri a step forward : ippozenshin a stop : kugiri a stopgap measure : tsunagi a straight road : hitosujimichi a streak : ichijou a stride : ho a string : isshi a stroke : ichida, hitouchi English? japanese Dictionary 25 English? japanese (dictionnaire) stroke of the pen : hitofude a stuffed animal : hakusei a stutter : domori a suit : hitokasane, hitosoroe, hitosoroi a suitor : sonin a sum of money : nari a summary : ichiran a sword (blade) : ittou a talk : danwa a task : hitoshigoto a tea cloth : chakin a term : ikki a thing : ichimotsu, ichibutsu a thought : ikkou a thread (of connection) : ichimyaku a thrust : tsuki a time : ikkai, ichiji a tinge : ichimi a tool : kenzan a top : koma a topknot (hair style) : chonmage English? japanese Dictionary 26 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a touch : ichimi a touch of : ichimatsu a tray : ichijou a trifle : ichigou a trivial matter (id) : asameshimae a troupe : ichiza, ichidan a trust : kigyougoudou a tune : hitofushi a tune (melody : ikkyoku a turn : hitomawari, itten, hitomeguri a turn (i. e. at bat) : kawari a turning point : ichitenki, ittenki a twin : futago a variety : isshu a vein : ichimyaku a verse (e. g. n the Bible) : issetsu a very little bit : choppiri a very shy person : hanikamiya, tereya a virtue : ittoku a voice : hitokoe a vote : ippyou English? japanese Dictionary 27 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a wake : tsuya a ward : ikku a waste basket : kuzukago a wastepape r basket : kuzukago a watch stand : bandai a watcher's seat : bandai a way : itto a weak point (to aim at) : tsukeme a wee bit : choppiri a week : isshuu a weight : osae a wheel : ichirin a while : chotto a whirl of hair on the head : tsumuji a whole day and night : icchuuya a word : ichigon, ichigonhanku, hitokoto, ichigenhanku a word (opinion : ichigi a word of great value : ichijisenkin a word or two : hitokotofutakoto a work : saku a written statement : koujougaki English? apanese Dictionary 28 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a year or two : ichiryounen a zone : ittai A. D. : kigen A. M. : gozen AA size (battery) : tansangata Aah! : yare aardvark (Orycteropus) : tsuchibuta abacus : soroban abalone : awabi abandon : haiki, mikiri abandoned (stray) cat : suteneko abandoned child : kiji, sutego, sutego abandoned mine : haikou abandoning : kikyaku abandoning (hope : dannen abandonment : kien, jibou, jiki, iki, houki, iki abandonment (rights : ifu abasement : shittsui abatement : ge ngaku, genka, keigen, shikkou abatis : sakamogi abattoir : tosatsujou, chikusatsuba English? japanese Dictionary 29 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bbe : shinpu abbey : daishuudouin, shuudouin abbot : daishuudouinchou, shuudouinchou, shuuinchou abbr : rassharu abbreviated form : tanshukukei abbreviation : ryakuji, shouhitsu, ryakushou, ryakugo, ryaku ABC : kouotsuhei ABC's of.. : shoho abcess : dekimono abdication : taii abdomen : shitabara, fukubu, shitappara, shitahara, kafuku abdominal? support belt : chikaraobi abdominal chills : hiebara abdominal swelling : shimobukure abducted : sarawareta abduction : kouin, yuukai, rachisuru, yuukaihan Abelian group (math) : kakangun ABEND (ABnormal END) : ijoushuuryou aberration : shuusa abet : sendou abetting : sendou English? japanese Dictionary 30 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bhor : daikirai ability : udemae, shuwan, giryou, ginou, seinou, saiwan ability to wake up : neoki Abilympics : abirinpikku abject : hikutsu abjuration : sensei ablation : setsujo ablation shield (rocket) : yuujo ablative (gram) : dakkaku ablative shield (rocket) : youhatsu able : yuui able? bodied (an) : ganken able man : hatarakide, dekimono, dekibutsu able men left out of office : iken able official : nouri able person : hatarakite ABM : dandoudangeigekimisairu abnegation : kin'yoku abnormal : hentaiteki, namihazure, abuno? maru abnormal (an) : byouteki abnormal mentality : hentaishinri English? japanese Dictionary 31 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bnormal psychology : hentaishinrigaku abnormal sexuality : hentaiseiyoku abnormal underarm odor : wakiga abnormality : kikei, hentai, ijou, hentai, ijou aboard a warship : kanjou abode of demons : fukumaden abolish : daha abolition : haishi abolition and amalgamation : haigou abolitionist : zenpaironsha abominable : imawashii, nikui abominable snowman : yukiotoko, yajin aboriginal : banjin, genjuumin aboriginal (a? no) : dochaku aborigine : aborijini? aborigines : genmin, dojin, senjuuminzo ku aborigines village : bansha abort : abo? to aborticide : datai abortion : jinkouryuuzan, chuuzetsu, datai, ryuuzan abortionist : dataii English? japanese Dictionary 32 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bortive (attempt : fuseikou abortive birth : ryuuzan abortive scheme : torou about : sokosoko, yaku, ooyoso, tsuite, abauto, oyoso, kei about? face : mawaremigi, ippen about (suf : goro about 10 p. m. : itsuya, otsuya about an hour : hantoki about medium : chuukurai, chuugurai about noon : hirugoro about the middle : nakagoro about the middle (of an era) : chuuyou about this time : imajibun, imagoro about to start out : degake about what time : itsujibun about when : itsugoro above : ue, zenki, chokujou above? mentioned : zenjutsu, zenki above? named (a? no) : zenkei above all : kotoni, nakandzuku, wakete, toriwake above average : shunbatsu English? japanese Dictionary 33 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bove ground : chijou above mentioned : joujutsu above mentioned (a? no) : jouki above the average : namihazure above the ceiling : tenjouura above the clouds : unjou Abraham : aburahamu abrasion : mamou, mametsu, surikizu, sakkashou abreast : heiretsu, heikou abridged translation : shouyaku abridgment : shouryaku abroad : zaigai, kaigai abrupt : niwaka, fui abrupt (an) : sotsuji, toutotsu abrupt (awkward) question : tsukanukoto abruptly : totsuzen, gazen, ikinari, hyouzen abscess : nouyou abscissa : yokojiku, ouzahyou, ousen abscondence : shissou, shisseki, shuppon, chikuden absconder : shupponsha absconding with money : kaitai English? japanese Dictionary 34 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bseilen (G) : apuzairen absence : rusu, fuzai, kesseki, fusan absence (from work) : kekkin absence from home : tagyou absence from school : kekka absent? minded : bon'yari absent? minded person : awatemono absent? mindedly : bouzen absent? mindedness : soushin, uwanosora absentee landlord : fuzaijinushi absentee voting : fuzaitouhyou absentmindedness : houshin absinthe : a busan absolute (an) : zettai absolute reality : shinnyo absolute safety : juuzen absolute secrecy : gokuhi absolute value : zettaichi absolute zero (temp. ) : reido absolutely : danjite, makotoni, danzen, tadatada absolutely every little bit : katappashikara English? japanese Dictionary 35 English? japanese (dictionnaire) absolutely not : tonda absoluteness : zettai absolutism : abusorixyu? tizumu absolutism (phil. : zettairon absorbent cotton : dasshimen absorption : sanmai, douka, sesshu, kyuuin, senshin, kyuushuu absorption (in something) : kyuukyuu abstain from voting : kiken abstention : fukanshou, fusanka abstinence : imi, kinshu, setsuyoku, kin'yoku abstinence syndrome : kindanshoujou abstract : chuushouteki, chuushutsu, mukei abstract (an) : chuushou abstract (of a paper) : abusutorakuto abstract art : chuushoubijutsu abstract number : fumeisuu abstraction : shashou, abusutorakushon abstruseness : inbi absurd : bakabakashii, okogamashii, mucha, tawainai, meppou absurd fear : kiyuu absurdity : okonosata, koutoumukei, fujouri, fudouri English? japanese Dictionary 36 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bsurdly : muyamini abundance : juuitsu, gyousan abundance (an) : yokei, houfu abundant : fundan abundant (an) : yutaka abundant harvest : housaku, houjuku abundantly : obitadashii abuse : goyou, reiba, ran'you, batou, hibou, akuhei, akkou abusive : kuchisaganai, kuchigitanai abusive language : bougen, nikumareguchi, dokuzetsu, akutai abusive remarks : bouhyou, mouhyou abutment : kadai abyss : shin'en, fuchi acacia : akashia academia : akademi? academic : akademikku academic background : gakureki academic centre : gakufu academic gossip : kijounokuuron academic meeting : gakkai academic or scientific world : gakkai English? japanese Dictionary 37 English? japanese (dictionnaire) academician : akademishan academicism : akademishizumu academism : akademizumu academy : akademi? , kanrin'in, gakuin, gakuen Acala : fudoumyouou Acalanatha Vidya? aja : fudoumyouou acc elerando : achererando accelerant : sokushinzai accelerated motion : kasokuundou acceleration : sokushin, koushin, ruika, kasoku, kasokudo accelerator : akuserere? ta? accelerator (abbr) : akuseru accent : gochou, kyouon, akusento, yokuyou accent (of one's speech) : namari accept : akuseputo acceptance : shouin, shinnin, ukeire, judaku, juri, shouchi acceptance (of truths) : shinju accepting a challenge : ousen accepting bribes : shuuwai accepting orders : juchuu access : akusesu English? japanese Dictionary 38 English? japanese (dictionnaire) access time : akusesutaimu access to courts : shusso accessing : akusesshingu accession : shoukei, keishou accessoiriste : akusesowarisuto accessories : buhin, komono accessory : tsukimono, tsukatari, futai, akusesari? fuzokuhin accessory case : komonoire accessory offense : futaihan accident : henji, jiko, saika, yakusai, kashitsu, saiyaku accident insurance : shougaihoken accidental : fuki, guuhatsu, furyo, fusoku, guuhatsuteki accidental de ath : henshi accidental fire : shikka accidental gun discharge : bouhatsu accidental resemblance : sorani, taninnosorani accidentally : hyotto, tamatama, futo accidents in line of duty : koumusaigai acclamation : kassai, kanko acclimate : junka accommodation : shuuyounouryoku, bengi, wakai, yuudzuu, tekiou English? japanese Dictionary 39 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accommodations : shuuyousetsubi accommodator : akomode? ta? ccomodation : shuuyou accompaniment : bansoubu, tsukimono, ainote, hayashi, aikata accompaniment (musical) : bansou accompany : douhan accompanying : tomo, doukou, gubu, doudou accomplice : katansha, dourui, kyouhansha, kyoubousha, ai, guru accomplices : ichirui accomplish : mattou accomplished : bakuga accomplished lady : keishuu accomplished villain : kyouyuu accomplishment : kantetsu, kansui, suikou accomplishments : gigei, geinou, gigei accord : ako? do, kyoushin according to : yoreba, yoruto according to circumstances : rinkiouhen accordingly : yotte, s okode accordion : ako? dion, tefuukin accordion door : ako? diondoa English? japanese Dictionary 40 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accordion pleats : ako? dionpuri? tsu account : kaikei, kiji, tsukedashi, akaunto account (e. g. bank) : kouza account book : choumen, choubo, daichou account of a (sports) game : kansenki accountability : akauntabiriti? ccountancy : kaikeigaku accountant : shukei, kanjougakari, kaikeikan, kaikei accountant (certified public) : kaikeishi accounting : keiri, akauntingu accounts payable : kaikakekin accounts receivable : urikakekin, mishuunyuukin accounts) : kuchisuu, kuchikazu accoutrements : busougu accrued : mishuu accrued expenses : miharaihiyou accumulate : chikuseki accumulation : shuuseki, chikuseki, shuushuu, ruiseki accumulator : akyu? mure? ta, akyumure? ta? , akyumure? ta accuracy : seido accurate : kuwashii, tekikaku, chimitsu English? japanese Dictionary 41 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accurate (an) : seikaku accurately : seiseito, seise i, kichinto accursed (a? o) : bachiatari accusation : kokuso, kouso, dangai accusative case (gram) : taikaku accused : hikokunin accuser : genkoku ace : e? su ace (tennis) : sa? bisue? su acetate : asete? to acetic acid : sakusan acetone : aseton acetylcholine : asechirukorin acetylene : asechiren ache : itami, itami achievement : kougyou, jiseki, tegara, gyouseki, tassei achievement test : achi? bumentotesuto, achi? bu achievements : jisseki, kouseki achiever of Nirvana : rakan Achilles tendon : akiresuken achoo! : hakushon English? japanese Dictionary 42 English? japanese (dictionnaire) achromatic : mushoku achromatic lens : akuromachikkurenzu achromatism : irokeshi acid : sui, suppai, san acid poisoning : sanchuudoku acidity : sando, sansei, sanmi acidosis : ashido? hisu acknowledge : shinnin, juryou acknowledge (ACK) : kouteioutou acknowledgement : shounin, ninchi, ryoushou, ryouto, kokuhaku acknowledgment : reijou, nintei acknowledgment (self? ) : jinin acme : kiwami acne : fuk idemono, nikibi acolyte : jisou, jisai acorn : donguri acoustic : ako? sutikku, aku? sutikku acoustic guitar : ako? sutikkugita? acoustic sound : ako? sutikkusaundo acoustic(s) : onkyou acquaintance : kaonajimi, chikadzu, gozonji, shiriai, soushiki English? japanese Dictionary 43 English? japanese (dictionnaire) acquiesce : mokujuu acquiescence : shoudaku acquisition : kakutoku, shutoku, shuutoku acquittal : shakuhou, menzai, houmen, menso acre : e? ka? creage : tanbetsu acrimonious : shinratsu acrobat : akurobatto, kyokugeishi acrobatic : akurobachikku acrobatic feats : kyokugi acrobatics : kyokugei, karuwaza acronym : ryakugo acrophobia : koushokyoufushou acropolis : akuroporisu acrylic : akuriru acrylic acid : akurirusan acrylonitrile : akurironitoriru act : koui, shiwaza, waza, okonai, shoi, okonai, sakui act (in play) : tobari Act (law: the X Act) : hou act for another : daiben English? japanese Dictionary 44 English? japanese (dictionnaire) act of barbarity : bankou act of God : fukakouryoku act of grace : onten act of mercy : hitodasuke act of violence : boukou act on mutual agreement : shouchidzuku Act properly! : iikagennishinasai acting : shigusa, engi acting as agent : daikou acting as go? etween : kuchiire acting blindly : moudou, boudou acting chairman : karigichou acting consul : dairiryouji acting director : jimutoriatsukai acting impolitely : shikkei acting in concert : koou acting official : dainin acting president : karigichou acting smart : kuchihabattai actinic rays : kagakusen Actinidia polygama : matatabi English? japanese Dictionary 45 English? japanese (dictionnaire) actinium (Ac) : akuchiniumu action : shigusa, akushon, dousa, okonai, okonai, shiuchi action bar : akushonba? action before words : fugenjikkou action committee : jikkouiin action drama : akushondorama action integral (physics) : sayousekibun action picture : katsugeki action program : akushonpuroguramu action star : akushonsuta? action) (a? o) : fuseikou actions : fugyou a ctivated charcoal : kasseitan activation : akutibe? shon active : noudouteki, kappatsu, akutibu, noudou, kassei active (an) : akutivu active defense : akuchibudifensu active duty : gen'eki active homing : akutibuho? mingu active immunity : noudoumen'eki active member : seiin English? japanese Dictionary 46 English? japanese (dictionnaire) active service : gen'eki active solar house : akutibuso? ra? hausu active sportswear : akutibusupo? tsuuea active voice : noudoutai active volcano : kakkazan activist : katsudousha, undouka activity : akutibiti, kakkyou, honsou, binsoku, hiyaku, ugoki actor : shu, yuu, dan'yuu, rei, haiyuu, akuta? hai, shou actor in a love scene : nimaime actress : haiyuu, joyuu, yakusha, akutoresu Acts of the Apostles : shitogyouden actual : akuchuaru actual circumstances : jitsujou actual condition : jissai actual demand : jitsuju actual expense : jippi actual measurements : jissoku actual place : genchi actual proof : jisshou actual results : jisseki actual size : gensun, gensundai English? japanese Dictionary 47 English? japanese (dictionnaire) actual spot : genba actual time : akuchuarutaimu actual work : shuurou, kadou actual work hours : jitsudoujikan actuality : akuchuariti? actually : genni, shinni acupuncture : hari, shinji, shinjutsu acupuncture and moxibustion : shinkyuu acute : sen'ei, setsu, setsujitsu, tsuusetsu acute (e. g. illness) : kyuusei acute angle : eikaku acutely : hishihishi acuteness : seppaku ad : ado ad? balloon : adobaru? n ad? hocracy : adohokurashi? ad campaign : adokyanpe? AD converter : anarogudejitaruhenkanki ad hoc : adohokku ad impact : adoinpakuto ad lib : adoribu English? japanese Dictionary 48 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ad man : adoman adagio : ada? jo Adam : adamu adamantine : kongou adaptability : yuudzuu, entenkatsudatsu, hentsuu adaptable : tekigou adaptation : sokuou, douka, junnou, tekiou, engi adaptation (of story : hon'an adaptation (of story) : kaisaku adapter : adaputa? , adaputa adaptive : adaputivu add : kasan add? on : adoon add? on module : adoonmoju? ru add? on telephone : adoondenwa add (something) : tsukekuwae add to : fukai add up : sekisan add water : kasui adder (spoken) : tashizanki adder (written) : kasanki English? japanese Dictionary 49 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ddiction : jouyouheki adding : konnyuu adding extra ingredients (med) : kayaku adding more tea : kuchija adding to one's years : karei adding to the top : uwamori adding up : yosezan, gassan adding years : kanen addition : kazou, kuwaezan, kasan, tsukatari, yosezan, ka addition agent : tenkazai addition and subtraction : kagen addition to a building : zouchiku additional fees : tsuikaryoukin additional gain : yoroku additional income : fukushuunyuu additional post : kenkin, kenkan, kenmu additional printing : juuhan, zousatsu additional profits : yotoku additional ration : kahai additional rules : fusoku additional tax : fukazei English? japanese Dictionary 50 English? japanese (dictionn aire) dditional volume : bessatsu additionally : jizengo additive : tenkabutsu address : uwagaki, atena, ikisaki, juukyo, atesaki, kouen address (e. g. of house) : juusho address (on letter) : katagaki address (present) : genjuusho address book : juushoroku address to students : kunji addressed to (suf) : ate addressing : adoresshingu adductor muscle : kaibashira Adelaide : adere? do adenoid : adenoido, sen'you adenoids : hanatake, bijou Adenovirus : adenouirusu adept : sasuga adequacy : tekitou, gaisetsu adequate : tekisetsu adherence : koshuu, koshitsu adherence (to custom : bokushu English? japanese Dictionary 51 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dherence to : koudei adherence to the shogunate : sabaku adherent : teishi, shinto, aryuu, kyouto, shinja, shinpousha adhesion : gyouchakuryoku, shuujaku, yuchaku, kouchaku adhesive : secchakuzai adhesive mechanical tint : sukuri? nto? n adhesive plaster : bansoukou adhesive power : nenchakuryoku adiabatic (an) : dannetsuteki Adidas (bran d name) : adidasu adjacent : kinsetsu, rinsetsu adjacent seas : kinkai adjacent units : rinsetsubutai adjectival noun : keiyoudoushi adjoin : rinsetsu, kinsetsu adjournment : teikai, kyuukai, sankai, enki adjudication : handan adjunct) words : fuzokugo adjust : ajasuto adjustment : denaoshi, chousei, seibi, shuusei, anbai, seigou adjutant : fukukan, fukkan English? japanese Dictionary 52 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dmeasure : sairyou admin : adomin administer : atsu administration : keisei, kirimori, un'ei, seifu, shisei, keiei Administration : gyouseifu administration : gyousei administration bureau : kanrikyoku administration of justice : shihou, shouri administrative official : jimukan, gyouseikan administrative reform : gyouseikaikaku administrative reform (abbr) : gyoukaku admirable : yukashii, appare admirable (an) : shushou admiral : shoukan, daishou, taishou, teitoku admiral (fleet) : gensui admiration : kantan, kantan, suuhai, eitan, keitou, sanka admiration devotion : shinpuku admiration (arch. : kanpuku admiration (vs : kanshin admiration of the powerful : jidaishisou admire : miageru English? japanese Dictionary 53 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dmirer : hikute, aidokusha admission : hennyuu, jinin, nyuusho, kanyuu, nyuukai, nyuujou admission? paid : yuuryou admission fee : bouchouryou, kanyuukin, nyuujouryou, nyuukaikin admission free : bouchoumuryou, bouchouzuii Admission Free : adomisshonfuri? admission gate : nyuujoumon admission tax : nyuujouzei admission ticket : bouchouken admission to the courtroom : nyuutei admittance : adomitansu admitting : shouchi admitting defeat : icchuuwoyusuru admixture : kyouzatsubutsu admonishment : kyoukai admonition : keikai, sekkan, kaikoku, kunkai ado : honeori adobe : ado? bi, tenjitsugawara adolescent : seishun Adonis : adonisu adopt : saiyou English? japanese Dictionary 54 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dopted child : youshi adopted daughter : youjo adopted parents : karioya adopted son? in? law : musumemuko adoption : shuuyou, sesshu, saitaku, youshiengumi adoption (e. g. motion : kaketsu adoption or rejection : saihi adoptive father : youfu adoptive mother : youbo adoration : aibo, reihai, suuhai, raihai, sanbi, shinsui adoring : shishuku ADP : jidoude? tashori adrenal glands : fukujin adrenalin : adorenarin adroit : josainai adsorb : kyuuchaku adsorption : kyuuchaku adulation : neiben, bennei adult : ichininmae, teinensha, seijin, otona, adaruto Adult's Day (Jan 15) : seijinnohi adult? like : otonappoi English? japanese Dictionary 55 English? japanese (dictionnaire) adult age : seinen adult education : adarutoedyuke? hon adult shop : adarutoshoppu adulteration : konnyuu, mazemono, fujun adulterer : maotoko, uwakimono, kanpu adulteress : kanpu adultery : fugi, maotoko, furin, mittsuu, kongaiseikou adulthood : teinen advance : joutatsu, shinkou, joutou, shinshutsu, shingeki advance retreat : isshin'ittai advance (abbr) : bansu advance (in pay) : maegari advance base : zenshi nkichi advance delivery : maewatashi advance for manuscript : kouryou advance guard : zen'ei, senjin, senpou advance income : agari advance notice : yokoku advance or retreat : shintai advance party : senpatsu, senpatsutai advance payment : maekin, yonou, maewatashi, sakigane, zennou English? japanese Dictionary 56 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dvance payments : maewatashikin advance sale : sakiuri, maeuri advance troops : senkenbutai, zenshinbutai advance(d) : adobansu advanced : koudo, koushou, adobansudo advanced (developed) country : senshinkoku advanced (old) age : kourei advanced age : rourei advanced level : joukyuu advanced maturity : koudoseichou advanced nations : senshinkoku advancement : shoukyuu, eitatsu, eishin, koujou advancing and retreating : shusshoshintai advancing part of a salary : uchigashi advancing to the first grade : nyuumaku advancing together : heishin advantage : myouri, adobante? ji, eki, yaku, riten, ri, bengi advantage disadvantage : sontoku advant age and disadvantage : son'eki advantage rule : adobante? jiru? ru advantageous : yuuri English? japanese Dictionary 57 English? japanese (dictionnaire) advantageous (an) : yuuri advantages and disadvantages : rigai, ichiriichigai advent : rairin, kourin Adventists : sairinha adventure : adobencha? , bouken, abanchu? u adventure story : boukenshousetsu adventurer : boukensha, yamashi adverb : fukushi adversary : hantaisha adverse : gyakkou adverse stock? market factors : akuzairyou adverse tide : gyakuryuu adverse wind : gyakufuu adversity : gyakkyou, shitsui advertisement : ado, adobataizumento, koukoku advertisement for a wife : kyuusaikoukoku advertising : adobataijingu advertising agency : koukokusha advertising sign : koukokutou advertising sponsor : koukokunushi advice : jogon, susume, jogen, kankoku, chuukoku, keikoku English? japanese Dictionary 58 English? japanese (dictionnaire) advisability : kahi advise : kan adviser : kankokusha, adobaiza? , jogensha, komon, jogonsha ad visor : adovaiza? dvisory organ : shimonkikan advocacy : teishou, daigen, bengo, kosui, shoudou, shushou advocacy of war : shusen advocate : daigensha, ronsha, shuchousha, teishousha, hyoubou Adzuki bean mochi : botamochi aerial : kakuu aerial tram : ro? puuei aerial wiring : kasen aerobic dancing : earobikkudanshingu aerobicise : earobisaizu aerobics : earobikusu aerodynamics : earodainamikkusu Aeroflot : aerofuro? to aerogram : e? roguramu, eroguramu, earoguramu aerogramme : koukuushokan aeroplane : hikouki aerosol : earozoru, eazo? ru English? japanese Dictionary 59 English? japanese (dictionnaire) aesthetic : esutetikku aesthetic appreciation : shinbi aesthetic aversion : itekiken'o aesthetic sense : shinbigan aesthetic sentiment : gakai aestheticism : shinbishugi aestivation : nemui affable : hitonatsukkoi, aisonoii, hitonatsukoi, onga affair : kyoku, gi, afea, sata, shiromono, kotogara, jiken affairs : jibutsu, gyoumu affairs after ones death : kouji affairs of state : kokumu affect : sawaru affectation : kidori, tsukeyakiba, genki, kazarike, shouki affectation (an) : kiza affected : fushizen affected look : tsukurigao affected part : kanbu affected region : kyokubu affected smile : esewarai affection : onjou, aijou, aijaku, jiai, seikou, jouai English? japanese Dictionary 60 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ffectionate : yasashii, yasa affectionate elder brother : jikei affectionate father : jifu, jibo affectionate woman : yasaon'a affections : ren'ai affidavit : koukyousho, koujutsusho, kyoujutsusho, kuchigaki affiliate : boukei, kanyuusha affiliated : doukei, fuzoku affiliated companies : shimaigaisha affiliated company : kankeigaisha affiliated concern : douzokukaisha affiliated with : sanka affiliation : kamei affinity : yuen, shinwasei, enko, inseki, aishou, shinkinkan affirmation : koutei, kakunin, dangen affirmative : kouteiteki affix : fu affixing a seal : kahan affixing one's seal : ouin afflatus : reikan affliction : kannan, nangi, kunou, risa i English? japanese Dictionary 61 English? japanese (dictionnaire) affluence : yuufuku, yutori afflux : ryuunyuu afforestation : shokurin affray : ranzatsu affricative sound (ling) : hasatsuon Afghanistan : afuganisutan aflatoxin : afuratokishin afore? mentioned : zenjutsu aforesaid (a? no) : zenki aforethought : yobou Africa : afurika African daisy : ga? bera Afrikaans : afurika? nsu Afrikaner : afuka? na Afro : afuro Afro? Cuban rhythm : afurokyu? banrizumu Afro? hair : afurohea after : sugi, afuta? after? : jigo after? dinner speech : takujou after? effect : kouishou, yoha English? japanese Dictionary 62 English? japanese (dictionnaire) after? recording : afuta? reko? dingu after? have lotion : afuta? she? buro? shon after? ski : afuta? suki? after (a? no) : ato after (sales) service : afuta? sa? bisu after (taking) a bath (a? no) : yuagari after a long time (id) : hisashiburi after a meal : shokugo after all : sarani, senjitsumeruto, kekkyoku, yousuruni, douse after childbirth : sango after death : botsugo, botsu go, shigo after dinner : yuushokugo after graduation : sotsugyougo after noon : hirusugi after one's death : nakiato after one out (in Baseball) : isshigo after recording (abbr) : afureko after school : houkago after tax : tedori after that : sonogo, sorekara after the rain : ameagari English? japanese Dictionary 63 English? japanese (dictionnaire) after the war : sensougo after this : korekara, igo after two outs : nishigo afterbirth : taiban, atozan, orimono, seigo afterbrain : enzui aftercare : afuta? kea aftereffects : yojin, yogo afterglow : zankou, yokou afterimage : zanzou afterlife : goshou aftermath : nibankari afternoon : gogo, afutanu? n, gogo, hirusugi afternoon dress : afutanu? ndoresu afternoon refreshment : oyatsu afternoon session (market) : goba afternoon shadow : afutanu? nshado? afterquake : yurikaeshi aftershock : yoshin, yurikaeshi aftertaste : atoaji afterward : sonogo afterwards : atode, nochihodo English? japanese Dictionary 64 English? apanese (dictionnaire) afterword : atogaki afterwords (a? no) : nochi again : mou, sai, aratamete, matashitemo, kotoatarashiku again (and again) : matamata again and again : nidosando, saisan, shibashiba against : agensuto, tai against one's will : muriyari against wind : agensutouindo agape : akape? agar? agar : tengusa, kanten agate : sh ippou, menou agave (cactus? like plant) : ryuuzetsuran age : toshigoro, nendai, e? ji, jurei, nenrei, ichidai age? group : e? jiguru? pu age (of a young lady) : houki age (one's) : yowai age 15 : shigaku age 16 (girl) : haka age 20 : teinen age 30 : jiritsu age 40 : shorou English? japanese Dictionary 65 English? apanese (dictionnaire) age 50 : chimei age 60 : jijun age 64 (man) : haka age difference : nenreisa age fifty : isoji age limit : teinen age of a tree : jurei age of decadence : mappou age of puberty : toshigoro age of the moon : getsurei age relationship : toshimawari age seventy : nanasoji, koki age shooter : e? jishu? ta? age sixty : musoji age thirty : misoji aged : furui aged 20 : jakkan aged 61 : kakou ageing : e? jingu ageism : e? jizumu agency : e? jenshi? , toritsugi, chuukai, dairiten, nakadachi English? japanese Dictionary 66 English? japanese (dictionnaire) agenda : kyougijikou, gidai, kaigijikou, nittei agent : dairigyousha, dairinin, e? ento, shuusennin, douin agent's charge : assenryou ages : hitomukashi agglutination : kouchaku, yuugou agglutinative language : kouchakugo aggravation : juudaika, kachou, kajuu, gekika, akka aggregate : shuukei aggregate amount : souryou aggregation : shuusei aggression : shinryaku, kousei, shinnyuu, sanshoku aggressive : aguresshibu, shinryakuteki aggressive attitude : koushisei aggressive war : shinryakusensou aggressor : shinryakusha aggressor nation : shinryakukoku agile : binshou, subayai agility : binsoku aging : shorou, fuke, e? jingu agism : e? jizumu agitate : kakuhan, aoru English? japanese Dictionary 67 English? japanese (dictionnaire) gitation : ajite? shon, sendou, sendou, kakuhan, douran agitation (abbr) : aji agitation bill (abbr) : ajibira agitation for expulsion : haisekiundou agitator : ajite? ta? agnate : fukei AgNO3 (abbr) : shousangin agnostic : fukachiteki agnosticism : fukachiron ago : izenni, izen ago (suf) : zen agonist : kyougisha agonizing : kutou agony : nayami, junan, hanmon, kutsuu, kunou agony of separation : riku agoraphobia : agorafobia agree with : douchou agreeable : kokoroyoi, aisonoii, kaiteki agreed : ikketsu agreement : icchi, gitei, kyouteian, shoudaku, nattoku, gacchi agreement of minds : uraawase English? japanese Dictionary 68 English? japanese (dictionnaire) greement of wills : ishinosotsuu agribusiness : aguribijinesu agricultural : nora agricultural chemicals : nouyaku agricultural community : nouson agricultural cooperative : noukyou agricultural land : nouchi agricultural produce : nousanbutsu agricultural products : nousan agricultural soldiers : tondenhei agricultural species : saibaishu agriculture : nougyou, agurikarucha? , noukou, nou, nougaku agriculture industry : noukou agriculture and forestry : nourin agrippa : sakago ague : okan ah : ara Ah! : aa, yare ahead : maeni, sakini, aheddo, osakini ahead of time : hayameni AI : jinkouchinou English? japanese Dictionary 69 English? japanese (dictionnaire) aid : kyuujo, sewa, hosa, fu jo, shien, kyuugo, kyuusai aide : fukukan, fukkan aide? de? amp : fukkan, fukukan aiding : josei AIDS : eizu aikido : aikidou aikido practitioner : aikidouka Aikido rear defence (MA) : ushirowaza Aikido seated defence (MA) : suwariwaza aikido world association : aikikai ailment : shikkan aim : shikou, mokuteki, shui, kokorogake, ate, kentou aim at : mokushi aim of attack : hokosaki aimed at foreigners : gaijinmuki aimless : manzen, atenonai aimless wandering : urouro aimlessly : burabura, hyouzen, dokotomonaku Ainu : ezo, ainu, ebisu air : tei, kuuki, ea, fuzei, kuuchuu, ea? , tenkuu air? conditioned : reiboukanbi English? japanese Dictionary 70 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air? conditioned car : reibousha air? conditioning : reibousouchi, reibou air? cooled (a? no) : kuureishiki air? cooling apparatus : reibousouchi air? to? air (a? no) : kuutaikuu air? to? surface (a? no) : kuutaichi air? to? urface missile : kuutaichimisairu air bag : eabaggu air battle : kuuchuusen air brake : eabure? ki air breathing engine : eaburi? jinguenjin air cargo : eaka? go air check : eachekku air cleaner : eakuri? na? air commodore : shoushou air compressor : eakonpuressa? air conditioner : eakon, eakondishona? air conditioning : kuukichousei, eakon, eakondishoningu air conditioning (abbr) : kuuchou air cooling : kuurei air curtain : eaka? ten English? japanese Dictionary 71 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air cushion : eakusshon air defense : boukuu air defense artillery : boukuuhou air dome : eado? mu air door : eadoa air drop : kuuchuutouka air duct : kidou Air Force : kuugun air force : eafo? su Air France : e? rufuransu air girl : eaga? u air gun : eagan air hole : kazeana, kazaana, kuukikou air hostess : eahosutesu air lane : kuuro air letter : koukuushokan air liaison officer : kuugunrenrakushoukou air mail : koukuubin, eame? ru air mass : kidan air mobile : kuuchuukidou air pad : eapaddo English? japanese Dictionary 72 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air pageant : eape? jento air people : eapi? puru air pocket : eapoketto, kuukikou, shinkuutai air pollution : taikiosen air pot : eapotto air pump : eaponpu air raid : kuushuu air rifle : earaifuru air right : earaito air service : easa? bisu air shoot : eashu? to air shuttle : eashatoru air sick : eashikku air strike : koukuukougeki air superiority : koukuuyuusei air terminal : eata? minaru air ticket : koukuuken air towel : eataoru air transport : kuuyu airborne : kuutei, eabo? airborne troops : kuuteibutai English? japanese Dictionary 73 English? japanese (dictionnaire) airbrush : eaburashi Airbus : eabasu aircraft : koukuuki aircraft carrier : koukuubokan aircraft) : unkou airhead : a? pa? , ahondara airily : hyouhyou airing of books : bakusho airline : koukuugaisha, earain airport : hikoujou, eapo? to, kuukou airport tax : eapo? totakkusu airship : hikousen airsick bag : eashikkubaggu airsickness : eashikkunesu airspace : kuukan airspace management : kuuikikanri airtight : kimitsu, mippei a irtight chamber : kimitsushitsu airway : eauxe? airy : fuwafuwa Akasagarbha (bodhisattva) : kokuuzou English? japanese Dictionary 74 English? apanese (dictionnaire) Akasaka Prince Hotel (abbr) : akapuri akin : doukei Akutagawa Ryuunosuke (auth) : akutagawaryuunosuke Alabama : arabama alacrity : binkatsu alarm : keiteki, keihou, ara? mu, hijoushingou alarm? clock : mezamashidokei, mezamashi alarm bell : keishou alarm clock : mezamashitokei alarming : yuyushii alas : atara, attara alas! : sai, kana Alas! : aa Alaska : arasuka albatross : arubatorosu, shinten'ou, ahoudori Alberta : aruba? ta albino : arubino, hakukakotai albino fox : shirogitsune Albireo (aka Beta Cygni) : arubireo album : arubamu albumin : arubumin, ranpaku English? japanese Dictionary 75 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lchemy : ougonjutsu, renkinjutsu alcohol : aruko? ru, sake alcohol expenses : sakadai alcoholic addiction : inshuheki alcoholism : aruko? ruizonshou alcove : toko, aruko? bu, tokonoma Alcyone (star in Taurus : arushio? ne aldehyde : arudehido alert : taiki alexandrite : arekisandoraito algae : sourui, mo algebra : daisuugaku, daisuu algebraic expression : daisuushiki alginic acid : aruginsan Algol : arugoru algorithm : arugorizumu, enzantejun algorithmic : arugorizumikku alias : henmei, urana, karina, imyou, eiriasu, betsumyou alias (false name) : gimei alibi : fuzaishoumei, aribai alien : e? rian, takokujin, eirian, iseijin English? japanese Dictionary 76 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lien elements : ibunshi alien registration : gaikokujintouroku alien registration card : gaikokujintourokushoumeisho alien tax : nyuukokuzei alienation : rihan, sokaku aliens : iteki alighting : gesha, chakuriku alignment : rosen, shoujun, arainmento, douchou alike : tomoni alimony : fuyouryou alkali : arukari alkaline (an) : arukarisei alkaloid : arukaroido alkalosis : arukaro? shisu all : arankagiri, issai, bantan, sukkari, tomo, menmen all? A (student) : zenkou all? America : zenbei all? in? one : o? ruinwan all? night : o? runaito all? night Mah Jongg : tetsuman all? night vigil over a body : tsuya English? japanese Dictionary 77 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all? occasion dress : o? ruoke? jondoresu all? out : zenmenteki all? out war : zenmensonsou all? purpose : han'you, banninmuki, o? upa? pasu, bannou, mannou all? purpose flour : chuurikiko all? round : o? ruraundo all? round (market) advance : isseidaka all? round (market) decline : isseiyasu all? round player : o? ruraundopure? ya? all? season coat : o? rushi? zunko? to all? season dress : o? rushi? zundoresu all? season track : o? rushi? zuntorakku all? star cast : o? rusuta? kyasuto all? star game : o? rusuta? ge? mu all? wave (receiver) : o? ruue? bu all? wave receiver : zenpajushinki all? weather coat : o? ruueza? ko? to all? weather track : o? ruueza? torakku all? wool : junmou all (a? no) : kakuhan, zenpuku, hyappan all (an) : sokkuri English? japanese Dictionary 78 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all (not) : kanarazushimo all (of you) : ittou all (one has) : take all (pref) : ban, zen all (present) : manjou all acts : hyakkou all ages : roujaku, bandai, bansei, rounyaku, kokon, senko all altogether : gassai all animate creation : gunsei all around : manbennaku all at once : isseini, tachimachi, issei all at once (a? no) : totsuzen all at sea : gorimuchuu all back : o? rubakku all candidates : zenkouho all circumstances : bankyou all companies : kakusha all compositions : zenkyoku all concerned : ichidou all countries : bankoku all creation : banmotsu, ban'yuu, banbutsu, banshou English? japanese Dictionary 79 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all creatures : issaishujou all day : shuujitsu all day and night : ichinichiichiya all days : zenjitsu all doors closed : happoufusagari all efforts : souryoku all Europe : zen'ou all evils : hyakuhei all eyes : juumoku, shuumoku all generations : mandai, yorozuyo all goods : zenpin all guarantee : o? rugyaranti? all hands : zen'in all health and happiness : banpuku, manpuku all heaven : zenten all Hokkaido : zendou all houses : banko all items : shinazoroe all kinds (of food) : hyakumi all kinds of : moromoro, hyappan all kinds of animals : hyakujuu English? japanese Dictionary 80 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ll kinds of goods : hyakka all kinds of malicious gossip : akkouzougon all kinds of sicknesses : manbyou all kinds of trees : kigi all lands : zenchi all lines : zensen all locations (abbr) : o? ruroke all mail : zenbin all means : bansaku, hyakkei all members : souzei all members (unanimity) : zen'in all nations : banpou all nature : bansh ou all night : shuuya, hitoyo, hitoya, tetsuya, yomosugara, yojuu all night through : ichiyajuu, hitoyajuu all night vigil : yoakashi, tetsuya All Nippon Airlines : zennikkuu all obstacles : hyakunan, banshou all of a sudden : dashinuke, totsujo, gazen, ikinari all of us : ichidou all one's ability : zennouryoku English? japanese Dictionary 81 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all one's power : zenryoku all or nothing : o? uoanashingu all over : oteage, manbennaku all over the country : kunijuu, zenkokutsutsuuraura, tsutsuuraura all over the house : kachuu all over the island : touchuu all over town : boukan all parts : kakubu all pass : o? rupasu all people : banmin, banjin, bannin all phases : kakumen all places : bankyou all prefectures : kakuken all present : ichidou all ranks : kisen all right : daijoubu, yoroshii, shimeta, o? rai, junchou, yoshi all right! : yoshi all risks : o? rurisukusu all sects : kakuha all shook up : orooro all sides : happou, hachimen English? japanese D ictionary 82 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all sorts : kakushu all sorts of trouble : hyakunan all square : o? usukuea all the armies : bangun all the banks (of a river) : zengan all the citizens of the city : zenshimin all the daimyos : sanbyakushokou all the houses (in town) : zenko all the inhabitants : zenjuumin all the more : ichidan, kaette, wakete, kyaku, issou, naosara all the officials : hyakkan all the people : choumin all the peoples : zenminshuu all the rest : zenpyou all the time : nirokujichuu, itsudemo all the universe : banshou all the way : moroni, harubaru all things : banmotsu, banbutsu, ban'yuu, banpan all this week : konshuuchuu all through : buttooshini all through life : isshougai, isshou English? japanese Dictionary 83 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ll tickets : zenseki all times and places : kokontouzai all together : ikkatsu all varieties of flowers : hyakka all year round : nenbyakunenjuu, ichinenjuu, nengaranenjuu all you can drink (id) : nomihoudai all you can eat (id) : tabehoudai Allah : ara? allegation : moushitate allegiance : kyoujun allegory : guuwa, aregori? , hiyu, fuuyu allegretto : areguretto allegro : areguro allergy : arerugi? allergy to pollen : kafunshou alleviation of fever : genetsu alley : roji, uratoori, yokochou, uradoori alley cat : noraneko alley house : uraya alleyway : roji alliance : rengou, engumi English? japanese Dictionary 84 English? japanese (dictionnaire) Alliance : araiansu alliance : renmei, doumei, gattai, renritsu, doumei allied armies : doumeigun allied political party : yuutou allies : kyoushoukoku alligator : arige? ta? , waniguchi, wani alliteration : touin alloc : arokku allocate : aroke? to allocation : waritsuke, kakudzuke, wariate, aroke? shon, bun'yo allophone (ling) : ion allot : warifuru allotment : kappu, waritsuke, wariate, wariategaku, wappu allotrope : dousotai allowance : yoyuu, tegokoro, shiokuri, kyuuyo, fuyo, kousa allowance for : kagen alloy : goukin allspice : o? rusupaisu allurement : yuuwaku alluring : kowakuteki alluvial : chuuseki English? japanese Dictionary 85 English? apanese (dictionnaire) alluvial period : chuusekiki, chuusekisei alluvial soil : chuusekido alluvial stratum : chuusekisou alluvium : chuusekisou ally : mikata, yokoku ally (of another nation) : doumeikoku alma mater : bokou, shusshinkou alma mater clique : gakubatsu almanac : arumanakku, koyomi almighty : zennou, o? rumaiti? almighty (a? no) : bannou almond : hentou, a? mondo almond oil : hentouyu almost : mazu, ayauku, hobo, hakkubu, kubu, arakata almost all : ookata alms : gouriki, hodokoshimono almsgiving : kisha aloe : aroe aloes? wood perfume : kyara aloes wood : kyara aloha : aroha English? japanese Dictionary 86 English? japanese (dictionnaire) loha shirt : arohashatsu alone : tandokude, tanshin, hitoribocchi, hitori, hitoride along : nitsuite, sotte along (the wall) (suf) : dzutaini along railway line (a? no) : ensen along the east coast : touganzoini along the eastern seashore : touganzoini along the north coast : hokuganzoini along the river : kawazoi along the southern coast : nanganzoini aloof : tsuntsun aloof from the world : hyouhyou aloofness : kokou alpaca : arupaka alpha : arufa alphabet : arufabetto alphabetical order : e? bi? shi? jun alphanumeric character : eisuuji Alphard (aka Alpha Hydra) : arufarudo alpine : arupain, kouzan alpine flower : e? deruwaisu English? japanese Dictionary 87 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lpinism : arupinizumu alpinist : arupinisuto alps : arupusu already : sudeni, mohaya, kanegane, mou, senkoku, kanete already acquired : kitoku already known : kichi already proved : shoumeizumi also : mata, yappari, yahari, nimo altar : saidan, kumotsudai altar boy : jisha altar of sacrifice : so alteration : kawari, kae, hen'i, kaisei, henkou, henzou, henka alternate : tagaichigai, kougo, orutaneito, hitotsuoki, kawari alternate interior angles : sakkaku alternate plan : daian alternately : tokkaehikkae, kawaribankoni, kawarugawaru alternating? current winding : bunmaki alternating current : kouryuu alternation : koutai, tagaichigai alternative : takuitsuteki, nishasen'itsu, o? ruta? natibu alternative plan : jizensaku English? japanese Dictionary 88 English? japanese (dictionnaire) alternative school : o? ruta? natibusuku? ru alternative space : o? ruta? natibusupe? u alternatively : nishatakuitsu although : tatoe, noni, tatoi altitude : koudo altitude sic kness : koushobyou, kouzanbyou alto : aruto altogether : sokkuri, zenbu, awasete, issaigassai, kotogotoku altruism : aitashugi, hakuaishugi, taai altruistic : rita alumina : arumina aluminium : aruminiumu, arumi aluminium and sicilicum alloy : shirumin aluminium foil : arumihoiru aluminium sash : arumisasshi aluminum (Al) : aruminiumu, arumi alumni : dousousei alumni meeting : dousoukai alumnus : dousousei, kouyuu, shusshinsha, sotsugyousei alveolus : haihou, shisou always : tsuneni, tsunedzune, fudan, kirinashi, itsudemo English? japanese Dictionary 89 English? japanese (dictionnaire) always (not) : kanarazushimo always a fool (id) : bakahashinanakyanaoranai always hitting the bull's? ye : hyappatsuhyakuchuu always saying the wrong thing : nenjuushitsugen Alzheimer disease : arutsuhaima? byou am : gozen Amadeus : amadeusu amalgam : amarugamu amalgamation : heigou, gouhei, gappei, goudou amanuensis : daishonin, daisho, daihitsu amassing of wealth : chikuzai amateur : amachua, shirou to, mongaikan amateur (abbr) : ama amateur word (in art) : tonosamashigoto amateurism : amachuarizumu amateurism (in art) : tonosamagei amazement : ikkyou amazing : kyoutendouchi, odorokubeki, sugoi Amazon : amazon ambassador : anbasada? , taishi ambassador plenipotentiary : zenkentaishi English? japanese Dictionary 90 English? japanese (dictionnaire) amber : anba? kohaku amber (colour) : kohakuiro amber colour : bekkouiro ambidextrous (person) : ryoutekiki ambience : anbiansu, fun'iki ambiguous : mourou, futokuyouryou, magirawashii, ayafuya ambition : haki, houfu, taimou, yabou, koujoushin, iyoku ambitious person : yashinka ambitious undertaking : yuuto ambivalence : anbibarensu, aizouheison ambulance : anbaransu, kyuukyuusha ambulance helicopter : kyuukyuuherikoputa? ambush : senpuku, fusezei, fukuzei, yougeki, mukaeutsu ambush attack : geigeki ameboid movement : ame? baundou AMeDAS : amedasu amen : a? men, namu amender : shuuseisha amendment : kaisei, shuusei amenity : ameniti? , kaitekisa America : beikoku, amerika English? japanese Dictionary 91 English? japanese (dictionnaire) America's Cup race : amerikazukappure? u American : amerikan American? Soviet : beiso American coffee : amerikanko? hi? American English (lang) : beigo American football : amerikanfuttobo? ru American football (abbr) : amefuto American Indian : hokubeidojin American League : amerikanri? gu American league (abbr) : ariggu American of Japanese descent : nikkeibeijin American person : amerikajin American plan : amerikanpuran American rugby (abbr) : ameragu American sign language : amesuran American submarine : porarisu American vulgarity : beizoku Americanism : amerikanizumu Americanize : amerikanaizu americium (Am) : amerishiumu Ameslan : amesuran English? japanese Dictionary 92 English? japanese (dictionnaire) methyst : amejisuto, ameshisuto, murasakisuishou amiability : hitozuki amiable : hitonatsukoi, onryou, aisonoii, hitonatsukkoi amicable : yuukouteki Amida Buddha's original vo w : hongan amidst : uchini amino acid : aminosan Amitabha (Budd. deity) : amida amity : shuukou, yuukou ammonia : anmonia ammonite : anmonaito ammonite (traditional name) : kikuishi ammunition : dan'yaku amnesia : kenboushou amnesty : amunesuti, onsha, taisha, tokusha Amnesty International : amunesutiinta? nashonaru amoeba : ame? ba Amoghasiddhi : fukuujouju among (them) : nakaniha among other things : nakandzuku among rocks : iwama English? japanese Dictionary 93 English? japanese (dictionnaire) morous : tajou, iroppoi amorous glance : irome amorous man : bikachou amorphous : amorufasu amortization : shoukan, shoukyaku amount : teido, bunryou, ryou, taka, kagaku amount allotted : buntangaku amount invested or contributed : shukkingaku amount of business : jimuryou amount of consumption : shouhiryou amount of drinking : insuiryou amount of inventory : shouhinzaidaka amount of investment : shusshigaku amount of money : kingaku amount of rainfall : kouuryou amount of sugar : toubun am ount of tax : zeigaku amount of work : koutei amount or sum (of money) : gaku amount received : shuunougaku amount sold : uriage English? japanese Dictionary 94 English? japanese (dictionnaire) mount used : shiyouryou amp : anpu ampere : anpea amperometer : denryuukei amphetamine : anfetamin amphibian (an) : ryousei amphibian plane : ryouyouki amphibious (a? no) : suirikuryouyou amphibious animal : ryouseidoubutsu ample : tappuri amplification : engi amplification (elec) : zoufuku amplifier : anpurifaia amplitude (of vibration) : shinpuku ampoule : anpuru amputation : setsudan amputee : setsudankanja Amsterdam : amusuterudamu Amtrak : amutorakku amulet : mayoke, gofu amusement : goraku, ikkyou, amyu? zumento English? japanese Dictionary 95 English? japanese (dictionnaire) amusement center : amyu? zumentosenta? amusement of the company : zakyou amusement park : yuuenchi amusement program : gorakubangumi amusement quarters : sakariba amusing : okashii, omoshiroi, omoshiro amylase : am ira? e an â€Å"expose† (in a magazine) : suppanuki an abductor : yuukaihannin an abortive : oroshigusuri an accuser : sonin an act : shiuchi an age : issei an American : beikokujin an antique : koki an armful : hitokakae an army : ichigun an arrow : isshi an art : ichigei an article : ichimotsu an auspicious event : kichiji, kitsuji English? japanese Dictionary 96 English? japanese (dictionnaire) an auspicious occasion! : omedetou an authority : kyohaku an eccentric : kawarimono an edition : ippan an effort : hitoiki an elder : jouchou an elder brother : sonkei an empty dream : issuinoyume an enclosure : ippuu an end : shuumatsu, kugiri an exchange transaction : kawari an expert : honshoku an expression : kuchimawashi an extra : omake an honest man : maningen an idea : issaku, ichian an immediate definite deal : hitokuchiakinai an imperial hearing : joubun an important office : ichiyaku an inch ahead : issunsaki an incident : ichigi English? japanese Dictionary 97 English? a panese (dictionnaire) an incurve : naikyokkyuu an individual : kotai, ichikojin an inferior : ressha an informant : sonin an ingredient : ichimi an instance : ichirei an instant : ikkoku, issetsuna, isshunkan, isshun an insurrection : ikki an iron : noshi an isolated house : ikken'ya an item : ikkou, ippin, hitotsugaki, ikken an office : ichiyaku an official : ri an old ceremonial garb : kamishimo an only child : hitorikko, hitotsubudane, hitorigo, isshi an only daughter : hitorimusume an only son : hitorimusuko an opinion : ichikenshiki an orange : orenji an ordinary method : hitosujinawa an ordinary person : ippanjin English? japanese Dictionary 98 English? japanese (dictionnaire) an overnight march : ippakukougun an RBI hit : taimuri? hitto an ultranationalist : ikkokumono an unbroken view : ichibou an upstart : narikin an) : kanpuku, kanshin, adeyaka ANA : zennikkuu anabolism : doukasayou anachronism : jidaisakugo, anakuronizumu anachronism (abbr) : anakuro anaconda : uwabami anaesthesia : masui anagram : anaguramu anal (col) (X) : ketsunoana anal fistula : jirou, kireji analects : goroku analgesic : chintsuuyaku analgesic (an) : chintsuusei analog : anarogu analog computer : anarogukonpyu? ta? analog computer (abbr) : anakon English? japanese Dictionary 99 English? japanese (dictionnaire) nalog digital (abbr) : anadeji analog digital converter : anarogudejitaruhenkanki analog speedometer : anarogusupi? dome? ta? analogous : ruiji analogue : anarogu analogy : ruisui, ruihi, anaroji? , souji analyser : anaraiza? analysis : anarishisu, bunkai, bunseki, kaiseki analysis table : bunsekihyou analyst : anarisuto analytical : bunkai teki analytical chemistry : bunsekikagaku analyticity (physics) : kaisekisei analytics : bunsekigaku analyzer : anaraiza anamnesis : kioushou Anaphylaxie (G) : anafirakishi? anarchism : ana? kizumu anarchism (doctrine of) : museifushugi anarchist : ana? kisuto anarchy : museifu, ana? ki? English? japanese Dictionary 100 English? japanese (dictionnaire) nathema : hamon, anatema anatomy

Male Teachers Perform Better in Schools Than Female Teachers (350 Words)

Title: Male teachers perform better in school than female teachers Female teachers in schools are getting more common than male teachers these days compare to last time when females were only taught to be housewives. However, schools without male teachers are prone to have disciplinary problems. Some of the reasons why male teachers performed better in schools than female teachers are male teachers are better discipliners, better leaders and better emotion controller than female teachers. Male teachers are better discipliners than female teachers. This is because females are recognised to have a softer side that can affect the discipline actions taken on naughty students. Besides that, rebellious students will take the motherly side of female teachers for granted and cause trouble. Therefore, male teachers are more suitable to discipline students as their strict personality can intimidate students. Another reason why male teachers perform better in school than female teachers are male teachers have better leadership than female teachers. This statement is supported by the fact that men usually play the dominant role in their family whereas women play the submissive role. Therefore, male teachers can lead a class better and be a role model to students especially to male students. Moreover, most of the well performed schools are lead by male principals. Male teachers can work more efficient than female teachers at all times. This is because men have better emotion control than most women and won’t get distracted by personal issues. They have better focus in their work than female teachers and have certain ego that makes them to do their best in their job. Therefore, the drive in male teachers to perform better is more than female teachers. In conclusion, male teachers can teach better than female teachers. Although female teachers are known to be like mothers in schools, schools still need male teachers to lead and run the school’s administration and system well to create better study environment for all students.