Ethical theories Essay

There be five types of ethical theories 1. Teleological conjecture of ethics 2. Deontological surmisal 3. Virtue ethics 4. Justice as up right fieldness 5. FeminismThe teleological theory examines the consequences in terms of pleasure and spite, which is termed as Utilitarianism. According to this theory, our obligation in any moorage is to perform that motion which will produce the greatest meat of good over evil. low this theory, the ethical virtues much(prenominal) as being honest or non lying atomic number 18 not obligatory. Utilitarian morality compels you to do notwithstanding those particular acts which bring out good results only.For instance, consider a situation where telling the truth can break someones nitty-gritty or hurt his/her feelings then in the light of this theory, lying is go against than honesty. One of the fundamental characteristics of utilitarianism is universalism which talks about the pleasure of everyone, rather than benefitting your have s elf only. The two versions of utilitarianism have evolved from these conditions, act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. The two great philosophers, Jeremy Bentham and Stuart mess about presented their views in the light of this theory.Bentham proposed the act-utilitarianism theory and said An action is right if it produces greatest amount of pleasure over pain for everyone However, this statement was greatly opposed by many critics since they termed it as a pig philosophy. Critics complained that pleasure just can not constitute the good for human beings because even pigs are capable of attaining pleasure from their own bodies so it would be better to roll in the hay the life of a satisfied pig rather than being a dissatisfied human being such as Socrates.Seeing these objections, Stuart Mill supported the utilitarianism gave the idea of act-utilitarianism by giving his view that an action is right if it produces greatest amount of pleasure over pain by avocation certain mor al rules. Mill said that a person should go for qualitative pleasure rather than quantitative pleasure. Mill also defended the cathexis of pig philosophy on Bentham by giving his views that human beings are able to enjoy the higher levels of pleasure than swine. Human beings can stake pleasure in the form of intellectual arts and other such activities.Hence, Mill categorized pleasure in higher and lower forms of pleasure. Rule-utilitarianism evince tremendously on morality and social obligations, which in fact, are the problems of each teleological theories. Concluding the discussion now, the best theory is the rule-utilitarianism as compared to act-utilitarianism theory because one does not need to calculate the amount of pleasure and pain before performing any deed. Instead, it provides the basic grounds of morality and virtue for doing any action.